Converters

Converters solve a narrower problem than calculators: you already have a number or a file, and you need it expressed a different way. The unit converters here handle the single most common source of confusion in networking — the difference between bits and bytes. Internet plans are sold in megabits per second (Mbps); the download progress bar in your browser shows megabytes per second (MB/s). Since there are 8 bits in a byte, those two numbers differ by a factor of 8, which is exactly why a "100 Mbps" plan tops out around 12.5 MB/s in practice.

The file size converter handles a related but separate confusion: decimal versus binary units. Storage manufacturers advertise drives in decimal gigabytes (1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes), while Windows and macOS often report capacity in binary gibibytes labelled as "GB" (1 GiB = 1,073,741,824 bytes). That's the entire reason a "1 TB" drive shows up as roughly 931 GB in your file explorer — nothing is missing, it's just two different definitions of the same word.

The image format converters (JPG to PNG and PNG to JPG) round out this category: they solve the format mismatch problem, not the compression problem. If you need a smaller file, use the image compressor instead; if you specifically need a different container format — for transparency, for compatibility with an older tool, or because a form only accepts one file type — that's what these converters are for.